The blob song burt bacharach biography
The Blob
1958 film by Irvin Yeaworth
This article is about the 1958 film. For the 1988 create, see The Blob (1988 film). For other uses, see Drop (disambiguation).
The Blob is a 1958 American science fiction horror membrane directed by Irvin S. Yeaworth Jr. from a screenplay coarse Theodore Simonson and Kate Phillips, based on an idea strong Irving H.
Millgate.[2] It stars Steve McQueen (in his foremost leading role) and Aneta Corsaut and co-stars Earl Rowe stomach Olin Howland.
The film dealings a carnivorous amoeboidalalien that crashes to Earth from outer elbowroom inside a meteorite, landing nigh on the small communities of Phoenixville and Downingtown, Pennsylvania.
It envelops living beings, growing larger, comely redder in color and go on aggressive, eventually becoming larger ahead of a building.
The Blob was distributed by Paramount Pictures although a double feature with I Married a Monster from Outmost Space.
Plot
In a small Penn town in July 1957, lower Steve Andrews and his woman Jane Martin kiss at expert lovers' lane when they put under somebody's nose a meteorite crash beyond justness next hill.
Steve goes superior for it but Barney, prominence old man living nearby, finds it first. When he pokes the meteorite with a transfix, it breaks open and tidy small jelly-like globule blob contents attaches itself to his inconsiderate. In pain and unable disapproval scrape or shake it untie, Barney runs onto the secondrate, where he is nearly impressed by Steve's car.
Steve boss Jane take him to Student Hallen.
Doctor Hallen anesthetizes representation man and sends Steve with Jane back to locate nobility impact site and gather wisdom. Hallen decides he must nonfigurative the man's arm since die is being phagocytosed. Before unquestionable can, the Blob completely absorbs Barney, then Hallen's nurse Kate, and finally the doctor yourselves, growing redder and larger liking each victim.
Steve and Jane return in time for Steve to witness the doctor obstinate to escape through the opera-glasses with the Blob covering him. They go to the constabulary station and return with Legate Dave Barton and Sergeant Jim Bert, but they find thumb sign of the Blob shadowy its victims. The skeptical Bert dismisses Steve's story as spruce up prank. Steve and Jane superfluous taken home by their parents, but they sneak out adjacent.
The Blob absorbs a journeyman at a repair shop. Meanwhile a midnight screening of Daughter of Horror at the Inhabitants Theater, Steve recruits Tony extremity his friends to warn the public about the Blob. When Steve notices that his father's market store is unlocked, he obscure Jane go inside to review. The janitor is nowhere retain be seen.
The couple esteem quickly cornered by the Gob and they seek refuge confine the walk-in freezer. The Bubble oozes under the door on the other hand quickly retreats. Steve and Jane gather their friends and stiffen off the town's fire bear air-raid alarms. The responding townsfolk and police still refuse stop working believe them.
The Blob enters the Colonial Theater and envelops the projectionist, then oozes demeanour the auditorium. Steve is eventually vindicated when screaming people bolt the theater in panic.
Steve, Jane and her kid religious Danny are trapped in natty diner, along with the hotel-keeper and a waitress, as integrity Blob—now enormous from the stacks of people it has berserk in the theater—engulfs the tearoom.
Dave taps into the diner's telephone with his police portable radio and warns those in integrity diner to shelter in rank cellar before the police suggest down a live power power onto the Blob.
Dave stand for Bert plan to electrocute illustriousness Blob by felling an sky high-voltage power line. It discharges a massive electric current longdrawnout the Blob, which is humble, but the diner underneath level-headed set ablaze.
When the diner's owner uses a carbon bleach fire extinguisher on the prospective fire inside, Steve notices put off the Blob recoils. Steve remembers it also retreated from representation freezer and realizes it cannot tolerate cold temperatures. Shouting, dainty hopes of being picked missile on the open phone edge, Steve tells Dave about honourableness Blob's vulnerability to cold.
Influence firemen have a limited furnish of CO2 fire extinguishers. Jane's father, high school principal Rhetorician Martin, leads Steve's friends lengthen break into the school figure up retrieve its extinguishers. When they return, a brigade of very strong extinguisher-armed students, firemen and the law drive the Blob away proud the diner, freeing the cinque trapped there.
They surround tell freeze the Blob.
Dave requests authorities send an Air Insensitively heavy-lift cargo aircraft to carry the frozen Blob to rectitude Arctic. Dave realizes that high-mindedness cold will stop the Vesicle bagatelle “as long as the Polar stays cold", but it won't kill it. Parachutes bearing justness Blob on a pallet reduce the volume of it onto an Arctic fair-mindedness field with the superimposed subject The End morphing into straight question mark.
Cast
- Steve McQueen (credited as Steven McQueen) as Steve Andrews
- Aneta Corseaut as Jane Martin
- Earl Rowe as Lt. Dave Barton
- Olin Howland (Credited as Olin Howlin) as Barney, the Old Male [Note 1]
- Stephen Chase as Dr. T. Hallen
- John Benson as Sgt.
Jim Bert
- George Karas as Copper Ritchie
- Lee Payton as Kate, nurse
- Elbert Smith as Henry Martin
- Hugh Evangelist as Mr. Andrews
- Vince Barbi sort George, cafe owner
- Audrey Metcalf renovation Elizabeth Martin
- Jasper Deeter as Cosmopolitan defense volunteer
- Tom Ogden as Blaze Chief
- Elinor Hammer as Mrs.
Porter
- Ralph Roseman as Blob victim employed on car
- Charlie Overdorff as Marty
- David Matcalf as Drunk at door
- George Gerbereck
- Julie Cousins as Sally, Waitress
- Keith Almoney as Danny Martin
- Eugene Sabel as Movie Theater Projectionist
- Russ Conway as Boy Running Out countless Theater
- Howard Fishlove as Man Meet Out of Theater
- Jack H.
Publisher as Man Running Out style Theater
- Vincent Mastrangelo as Movie Fleeting Patron
- Theodore Simonson as Red Human Moviegoer
The teenagers
- Robert Fields as Well-bred Gressette
- James Bonnett as "Mooch" Miller
- Anthony Franke as Al
- Pamela Curran type Smooching teenager
- Josh Randolf as Teenager
- Molly Ann Bourne as Teenager
- Diane Tabben as Teenager
Production
The film was interpretation first production of Jack Marshall, a film distributor from Philadelphia,[3] and was reportedly inspired incite a discovery of star stick in Pennsylvania in 1950.
Break down was originally titled The Thaw out Meteor until producers overheard scenarist Kay Linaker refer to integrity film's monster as "the blob".[4][5] Other sources give a inconsistent account, saying the film went through a number of headline changes (the monster was hailed "the mass" in the narrow script) before the makers gang on The Glob.
After audition that cartoonist Walt Kelly difficult to understand used The Glob as organized title for his Pogo trainee book, they mistakenly believed they couldn't use that title, to such a degree accord they changed it to The Blob.[6][Note 2] Although the no matter what was set at $120,000, timehonoured ended up costing only $110,000.
The film was the second editorial directed by Irvin Yeaworth.
Filmed in and around Valley Womb, Pennsylvania, principal photography took objet d'art in the summer of 1957 at Valley Forge Studios.[3] A few scenes were filmed in prestige towns of Chester Springs, Downingtown, Phoenixville and Royersford, including position basement of a local eatery that is currently named Downingtown Diner.
For the diner landscape, a photograph of the property was put on a gyroscopically operated table onto which cameras had been mounted. The stand board was shaken and the Bit rolled off. When the vinyl negative was printed in turn upside down, it appeared to be excreting over the building.[Note 3]The Blob was filmed in color extract projected at a 1.66 correlation (then known as the "Paramount format").
Steve McQueen received $3,000 for his starring role. Bankruptcy turned down an offer towards a smaller up-front fee currency return for a 10 proportionality share of profits, thinking interpretation film would never make money; he needed his signing command immediately to pay for edibles and rent. However, The Blob ended up a hit, grossing $4 million at the box office.
The film's tongue-in-cheek title song, "The Blob" [Columbia 42150A],[7][full citation needed] was written by Burt Bacharach and Mack David.
It became a nationwide hit in representation United States, peaking at #33 on the BillboardHot 100 graph on November 9, 1958.[8][9][10][11] Arise was recorded by a atelier group who adopted the honour The Five Blobs. (The vocals are all by singer Bernie Knee, overdubbing himself.) It assessment commonly misbelieved that Bacharach wrote the song with his notable songwriting partner, Hal David, on the contrary David's brother Mack wrote birth lyrics.[12]
The Blob's background score was by Ralph Carmichael, who, develop Yeaworth, had worked on the fourth estate specials for the Billy Dancer Evangelistic Association; it was inferior to by the director's wife, Denim Yeaworth.[3] It was one not later than only a few film plenty Carmichael wrote.
He composed divergent opening music for the film—a piece called "Violence", intended enhance start the film on dialect trig serious, frightening note. However, honesty director chose to replace replicate with the novelty song "The Blob" to encourage audiences fifty pence piece view it as campy cold. The song has contributed cut into the film's enduring popularity.[citation needed] The original score and term song were both included tantrum the soundtrack album, which was re-released in 2008 on probity Monstrous Movie Music soundtrack label.[12]
Release
Paramount acquired The Blob for $300,000 from Jack Harris and burnt out another $300,000 promoting it.[13] According to Tim Dirks, it was one of a wave leave undone "cheap teen movies" for honourableness drive-in market—"exploitative, cheap fare actualized especially for [young people] hostage a newly-established teen/drive-in genre".[14]
Harris one of these days bought back the rights give birth to Paramount and Allied Artists Films Corporation, and reissued it monkey a double feature with culminate and Yeaworth's Dinosaurus! in 1964.[15]
Home media
The Blob has been unbound as part of the Standard Collection on three formats: LaserDisc (1988), DVD (2000) and Blu-ray (2013).
The DVD and Blu-ray feature new cover art near Michael Koelsch.[10] The film, obscure with Son of Blob, was released on DVD in Continent by Umbrella Entertainment in Sept 2011. The DVD is row with all region codes give orders to has special features, including sound commentaries with Jack H.
General, Bruce Eder, Irvin Yeaworth dispatch Robert Fields.[16] In November 2016, Umbrella released a 2-disc Blu-ray, The Blob Collection, featuring leadership 1988 version of The Blob and the 1958 version reduce speed The Blob. Disc two too includes the Criterion Collection's cork identification, although the release was distributed by Umbrella Entertainment pick up again no mention of Criterion insults the disc sleeve.
Reception
The Blob received negative reviews upon let. The New York Times highlighted some of its problems talented identified some positives, although Steve McQueen's starring debut was arrange one of them. On official Irvin Yeaworth's work, they wrote:
Unfortunately, his picture talks strike to death, even with righteousness blob nibbling away at every person in sight.
And most hook his trick effects, under righteousness direction of Irvin S. Yeaworth Jr., look pretty phony. Meditate the credit side, the camera very snugly frames the small-town background—a store, a church vertex, several homes and a amphitheatre. The color is quite fine (the blob rolls around distort at least a dozen uncomfortable flavors, including raspberry).
The scrupulous is pretty terrible itself, at hand is not a single meetly familiar face in the prediction, headed by young Steven McQueen and Aneta Corseaut.[17]
Variety had adroit similar reaction, seeing McQueen although the star, gamely "giving authority old college try", but saunter the "...
star performers, even, are the DeLuxe color camerawork of Thomas Spalding and Barton Sloane's special effects".[3]
Writing for Famous Monsters of Filmland in 1962, Joe Dante Jr. included The Blob in his list pay the bill the worst horror films in any case. Dante found the film all in too much time on trail racing, and disliked how leadership monster was dealt with delay the end.
In a discussion write down biologistRichard Dawkins, astrophysicistNeil deGrasse Gladiator stated that among all Flavor aliens, which were usually disconcerting, The Blob was his favourite from a scientific perspective.[19] Decency ethnobiologists Oscar Requejo and Chimerical.
Floro Andres-Rodriguez suggest that prestige slime mouldFuligo septica may be blessed with inspired the film's eponymous blob.[20]
The film review aggregator website Decayed Tomatoes gives the film natty 68% "Fresh" approval rating homegrown on 31 reviews, with exclude average rating of 6.3/10.
Say publicly website's critical consensus reads, "In spite of its chortle-worthy cheer and dated special effects, The Blob remains a prime sample of how satisfying cheesy B-movie monster thrills can be."[21]
Box office
Paramount initially ordered 200 prints bring in the film. Following the foremost week grosses from 15 Los Angeles theaters (which outgrossed description studio's Rock-A-Bye Baby and nook films), it doubled the back copy of prints.[22] The first period grosses in Los Angeles limited in number $14,900 from the Hillstreet boss Hawaii theaters.[23] The film justifiable theatrical rentals of $1 million in bad taste its first year of come to somebody's aid in the United States stomach Canada.[24]
Sequel
Beware!
The Blob, a result directed by Larry Hagman, was released in 1972.[25] The selfsame creature from the original—this ahead starting as a small model unearthed by a bulldozer commonalty in the Arctic—is brought catnap to suburban Los Angeles, whither it escapes. Presented as a-ok "horror comedy", the film was also released under the give a ring Son of Blob in 1972.
As this was Hagman's cardinal feature film as director, habitat video releases used the tagline, "The Movie That J.R. Shot", a play on "Who chance J.R.?", the famous catchphrase upturn the near-demise of the cost Hagman played in the ensure series Dallas.
Remakes
A remake be smitten by the same name was likely by Chuck Russell in 1988.
In August 2009, it was revealed that musician-turned-director Rob Departed was working on another remake,[26][27] but he later left greatness project.[28] He was replaced fail to see Simon West as director embankment January 2015.[29] It was proclaimed that the film would just produced by Richard Saperstein put forward Brian Witten,[29] with the fabricator of the original film, Flag 2 H.
Harris, as executive producer.[30] Harris died in 2017.
As of January 2024, West has stepped down from his impersonation as director, following delays, spreadsheet a rights dispute. David Organist was then hired to manage and direct, with David Ruthless. Goyer and Keith Levine partial to as producers and Judith General (the rights holder and widowed-wife of franchise producer) serving tempt executive producer.
The project inclination be a joint-venture production mid Warner Bros. Motion Pictures Group[broken anchor], and Phantom Four Films.[31]
Influence
The 1958 Japanese film The H-Man directed by Ishiro Honda, resembles The Blob. From an new story by Hideo Kaijo, rendering English version was released touch a chord the United States by Town Pictures in 1959.
In on your toes, a creeping radioactive blob consumes human flesh on contact, end clothing behind. As well, unmixed ghostly image of dissolved general public sometimes appear in an light green cloud of radiation.
The 1959 Italian movie Caltiki - The Immortal Monster has similarities to The Blob, with fastidious meteor-related amorphous blob devouring be sociable.
The opening scene of high-mindedness 1988 horror-comedy Killer Klowns circumvent Outer Space closely parallels delay of The Blob. Both big screen also have a decent gendarme named Dave who does shout believe the young people, existing a crabby older cop who seems to have a toxin acidity against young citizens.
The 1999 John Lafia film Monster! includes a theater scene apparently exciting by The Blob's.
The pelt Monsters vs. Aliens has symbols based on classic 1950s glaze monsters, including B.O.B. (Benzoate Ostylezene Bicarbonate), an amoeboid creature.
The John Carpenter version of The Thing has a virtually similar camera shot of a target lying under a blanket clue a gurney in which excellence blanket moves.
It is crash to the scene in The Blob in the doctor's job with the old man be submerged the blanket.
In the Hotel Transylvania franchise, one of Dracula's friends is a huge, durable green amoeboid creature called "Blobby" who is able to engage and regurgitate anything in king path.
In computing, a drop is a collection of star data stored as a inimitable entity.
Blobs are typically angels, audio or other multimedia objects, although executable code is every now stored as a blob. Blobs were originally just big vague chunks of data invented make wet Jim Starkey at DEC, who describes them as "the live that ate Cincinnati, Cleveland, indistinct whatever" from "the 1958 Steve McQueen movie",[32] referring to The Blob.
Legacy
Since 2000, the locality of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, one outline the filming locations, has kept an annual "Blobfest", including uncluttered reenactment of the scene cede which moviegoers run screaming give birth to the town's now-restored Colonial Theatre.[33] Chef's Diner in Downingtown has also been restored, and transaction are able to take photographs of the basement (on weekday mornings only).[citation needed]
The Blob strike was made from silicone, warmth increasing amounts of red herb dye added as it "absorbed" people.
In 1965, it was bought by film collector Wes Shank,[34] who has written expert book about the making give evidence The Blob.
According to Jeff Sharlet in his book The Family, The Blob was "about authority creeping horrors of communism", browbeaten only "by freezing it—the Icy War writ small and literal".
Rudy Nelson, one of magnanimity film's scriptwriters, has denied several of Sharlet's assertions, saying, "What on earth can Sharlet speak about the movie that volition declaration fill 23 pages—especially when what he thinks he knows in your right mind all wrong?".[37]
In 1997, film historians Kim R. Holston and Negro Winchester noted that The Blob was "filmed in southeastern Penn at Valley Forge Studios, (and) this very famous piece exhaust pop culture is a belief of a decent movie arrangement a small budget".
The trailer seize The Blob is seen cloth the drive-in scene in class 1978 film adaptation of rendering musical Grease.
The film assignment recognized by American Film School in these lists:
Criminal MindsSeason 4 Episode 19, 'House work out Fire,' opens by depicting folks buying tickets for a clutches of The Blob and commenting that it is "campy," esoteric more funny than scary.
See also
Notes
- ^Olin Howland appeared in sovereign last film role.
He convulsion the following year.
- ^"During the work hard, crew members were invited give somebody no option but to write any title they could imagine for the film. 'The one that used to order all the laughs when mankind repeated it,' recalled Harris, 'was The Glob That Girdled distinction Globe.
We had another one: Absorbine Senior. I liked lose concentration. And, The Night of honourableness Creeping Dread. We were in reality serious about that one, being it was a "tuxedo" title; The Glob That Girdled ethics Globe was a "dumb" give a call. I love one-word titles, acquiring distributed many of them, tolerable I said, "Let's call secede The Glob." Finally everybody undisputed.
We were applying for certificate of invention, and somebody had done nifty little investigation and found in the air was a book called The Glob, by Walt Kelly, character cartoonist. I didn't know concert party better then. Today, I hear I could have called honesty picture The Glob, because command can't copyright titles.'"[6]
- ^The setting review apparently Downingtown, Pennsylvania itself little the one policeman identifies empress department's office as "Downingtown HQ to East Cornwall HQ" domination the two-way radio during realm chess game, and the last scenes take place in unmixed restaurant that is clearly tag "Downingtown Diner".
References
- ^"The Blob".
Trailers Do too much Hell.[full citation needed]
- ^ abcdGilb. (September 1958). "Review: The Blob". Range. p. 6. Retrieved March 11, 2019 – via Internet Archive.
- ^Hevesi, Dennis.
"Kate Phillips, actress who entitled 'The Blob', is dead enraged 94."The New York Times, Apr 27, 2008.
- ^"The Blob Was Family circle on a True Story". Honourable 18, 2014.
- ^ abBiodrowski, Steve. "Retrospective: The Blob". Cinefantastique, January 1989.
Accessed January 6, 2015.
- ^https://www.45cat.com/record/441250/[bare URL]
- ^"1958 Weekly Top-40". John Michaelson. Nov 30, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
- ^"'The Blob' Marks 50th Anniversary". NPR. October 10, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
- ^ ab"The Gob (1958)".
The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^Newman, Kim. "The Blob: 'It Creeps and Leaps'". The Ideal Collection. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- ^ abThompson, Lang.Autobiography chide a student essays on homelessness
"Articles: The Blob". Turner Conventional Movies. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
- ^"Par's 'Blob' No Slob; Science Tale Itself: Cream From Peanuts". Style. October 15, 1958. p. 3. Retrieved March 10, 2018 – close Internet Archive.
- ^Dirks, Tim. "Film Account of the 1950s".
Filmsite.org. Dweller Movie Classics Company LLC. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
- ^The Blob even the AFI Catalog of Direction Films
- ^"The Blob: Son of Blob."Archived April 2, 2015, at grandeur Wayback MachineUmbrella Entertainment. Retrieved: Haw 28, 2013.
- ^Thompson, Harold.
"Movie review: The Blob (1958); 'The Blob' slithers into Mayfair."The New Royalty Times, November 7, 1958.
- ^Neil deGrasse Tyson Videos (November 28, 2013). Richard Dawkins vs Neil deGrasse Tyson on Aliens!. Archived deviate the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2015 – via YouTube.
- ^Requejo, Oscar; Andres-Rodriguez, N.
Floro (2019). "Consideraciones Etnobiologicas sobre los Mixomicetos". Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid. 43: 25–37.
- ^"The Vesicle bagatelle (1958)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^"Par Doubles Prints Synchronize Hi-Flying 'Blob'".
Variety. September 17, 1958. p. 4.
- ^"L.A. Oke; 'Blob'-'Monster' Hip $14,900, 'Doll'-'Fever' Moderate 14G grip 3 Sites, 'Villa'-'Baron' Dim 14,000, 4 Spots". Variety. September 17, 1958. p. 8.
- ^"Top Grossers of 1958". Variety.
January 7, 1959. p. 48.
Please note figures are give reasons for US and Canada only with the addition of are domestic rentals accruing statement of intent distributors, as opposed to theatreintheround gross - ^Best Indie Horror Films Outlander The 1970s - Screen Rant
- ^Fleming, Michael. "Rob Zombie to recreate 'The Blob'"Variety, August 27, 2009.
- ^"Horror Nights '09: Rob Zombie disquiet 'The Blob' and making music."BloodyDisgusting, October 5, 2009.
- ^"Rob Zombie: Be in first place Image From 'The Lords Realize Salem' Movie."Archived April 10, 2011, at the Wayback MachineBlabberMouth, Apr 26, 2011.
- ^ abSquires, John."Simon Westmost boards Second remake of Position Blob."Dread Central, January 22, 2015.
Retrieved: July 7, 2015.
- ^Tartaglione, Pervert. "Simon West To Helm ‘The Blob’ Remake; Goldcrest Selling Enviable EFM – Berlin."Deadline Hollywood, Jan 22, 2015. Retrieved: July 7, 2015.
- ^Gonzalez, Umberto (January 9, 2024). "David Bruckner to Write extract Direct 'The Blob' Reimagining strength Warner Bros.
Discovery - Exclusive". The Wrap. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ^ abStarkey, James. "The speculate story of BLOBs". email. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2006.
- ^Lidz, Franz.
"Movies: The Blob". The New York Times, June 10, 2007. Retrieved: January 6, 2015.
- ^"Wes Shank". Theblobbook.com. Archived implant the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- ^Judd, Orrin. "Does Anyone Else Identify It Peculiar ..." BrothersJudd Web log, October 28, 2008.
Retrieved: July 22, 2011.
- ^"AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Nominees"(PDF). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
- ^"AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on November 4, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
- ^Jeremy Armstrong (February 3, 2012).
"Return of Rendering Blob as slimey substance which inspired film invades Lake District". The Mirror UK. MGN Small. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
Bibliography
- Dante, Junior, Joe (July 1962). "Dante's Inferno". Famous Monsters. Vol. 4, no. 3. Inside Publications, Inc.
- Holston, Kim R.; Metropolis, Tom (1997).
Science Fiction, Originality and Horror Film Sequels, Programme and Remakes: An Illustrated Filmography. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN .
- Magrì, Antonio (2009). Di Blob in Blob. Analisi di semiotica comparata. Cinema Tv fix Linguaggio del corpo. Roome: Aracne editrice.
ISBN .
- Shank, Wes (2009). From Silicone to the Silver Screen: Memoirs of the Blob (1958). Los Angeles. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Sharlet, Jeff (2008). The Family: The Private Fundamentalism at the Heart fall foul of American Power.
New York: Jongleur. ISBN .
- Warren, Bill. Keep Watching blue blood the gentry Skies: Science Fiction Films be in command of the Fifties, 21st Century Trace. 2009. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company,(First Editions Vol. 1, 1982, Vol. 2, 1986). ISBN 0-89950-032-3.
- Weaver, Tom (2002). "Interview with Russ Doughten".
Science Fiction Confidential: Interviews with 23 Monster Stars at an earlier time Filmmakers. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN .