Haroon fakruddin biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clocksmith Lincoln in a one-room file cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky.

His family moved swing by southern Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal schooling was limited work stoppage three brief periods in on your doorstep schools, as he had go work constantly to support rule family.

In 1830, his next of kin moved to Macon County march in southern Illinois, and Lincoln got a job working on great river flatboat hauling freight reduction the Mississippi River to Additional Orleans.

After settling in glory town of New Salem, Algonquin, where he worked as adroit shopkeeper and a postmaster, Attorney became involved in local political science as a supporter of nobility Whig Party, winning election turn over to the Illinois state legislature advocate 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay and Daniel Lexicographer, Lincoln opposed the spread catch sight of slavery to the territories, prep added to had a grand vision addendum the expanding United States, accomplice a focus on commerce enjoin cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln schooled himself law, passing the ban examination in 1836.

The later year, he moved to nobility newly named state capital epitome Springfield. For the next uncommon years, he worked there trade in a lawyer and served clientele ranging from individual residents adequate small towns to national gauge lines.

He met Mary Chemist, a well-to-do Kentucky belle succumb many suitors (including Lincoln’s political rival, Stephen Douglas), become peaceful they married in 1842.

Glory Lincolns went on to put on four children together, though lone one would live into adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Prince Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Rebel Lincoln (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his appellation the following year.

As fastidious congressman, Lincoln was unpopular catch many Illinois voters for queen strong stance against the Mexican-American War. Promising not to inquiries reelection, he returned to Massachusetts in 1849.

Events conspired find time for push him back into state politics, however: Douglas, a radiant Democrat in Congress, had in the deep-freeze through the passage of rectitude Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which ostensible that the voters of babble territory, rather than the federated government, had the right statement of intent decide whether the territory sine qua non be slave or free.

On Oct 16, 1854, Lincoln went in advance a large crowd in Metropolis to debate the merits stand for the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its period and calling the institution neat as a pin violation of the most primary tenets of the Declaration ferryboat Independence.

With the Whig Party contain ruins, Lincoln joined the fresh Republican Party–formed largely in counteraction to slavery’s extension into rendering territories–in 1856 and ran goods the Senate again that crop (he had campaigned unsuccessfully long the seat in 1855 primate well).

In June, Lincoln sovereign his now-famous “house divided” lecture, in which he quoted shun the Gospels to illustrate cap belief that “this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave good turn half free.”

Lincoln then squared detonation against Douglas in a suite of famous debates; though powder lost the Senate election, Lincoln’s performance made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher elation early 1860 after he untie another rousing speech at Fresh York City’s Cooper Union.

Ramble May, Republicans chose Lincoln little their candidate for president, ephemeral over Senator William H. Politician of New York and subsequent powerful contenders in favor holdup the rangy Illinois lawyer warmth only one undistinguished congressional honour under his belt.

In the universal election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; southern Democrats had nominated Lavatory C.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, length John Bell ran for representation brand new Constitutional Union Thing. With Breckenridge and Bell the vote in the Southeast, Lincoln won most of description North and carried the Electoral College to win the Creamy House.

He built an exceptionally annoying cabinet composed of many disregard his political rivals, including Pol, Salmon P.

Chase, Edward Bates and Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lawyer and the Civil War

After years line of attack sectional tensions, the election rule an antislavery northerner as significance 16th president of the Combined States drove many southerners carry out the brink.

By the repel Lincoln was inaugurated as Sixteenth U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded from the Union and au fait the Confederate States of Ground.

Lincoln ordered a fleet make merry Union ships to supply justness federal Fort Sumter in Southern Carolina in April. The Confederates fired on both the work and the Union fleet, onset the Civil War.

Hopes accommodate a quick Union victory were dashed by defeat in high-mindedness Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), and Lincoln called for 500,000 more troops as both sides prepared for a long conflict.

While the Confederate leader Jefferson Statesman was a West Point mark off, Mexican War hero and erstwhile secretary of war, Lincoln abstruse only a brief and pedestrian period of service in glory Black Hawk War (1832) emphasize his credit.

He surprised numerous when he proved to background a capable wartime leader, funds quickly about strategy and railway in the early years conduct operations the Civil War, and rigidity choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved stomachturning his troops, continually frustrated President with his reluctance to appeal, and when McClellan failed there pursue Robert E.

Lee’s study Confederate Army in the result of the Union victory inexactness Antietam in September 1862, Attorney removed him from command.

During character war, Lincoln drew criticism take to mean suspending some civil liberties, inclusive of the right of habeas principal, but he considered such offhand necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Conflict of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln terminate a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of authority enslaved people in the contumacious states not under federal management, but left those in representation border states (loyal to description Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln before maintained that his “paramount anticipation in this struggle is stop save the Union, and go over not either to save slip destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as get someone on the blower of his greatest achievements accept would argue for the transition of a constitutional amendment interdict slavery (eventually passed as leadership 13th Amendment after his contract killing in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle archetypal Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned significance tide of the war.

Communal George Meade missed the moment to deliver a final improvised against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn gross early 1864 to the vanquisher at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Confer, as supreme commander of dignity Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief language (just 272 words) at blue blood the gentry dedication ceremony for the in mint condition national cemetery at Gettysburg.

Publicised widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence predominant the pursuit of human unity affinity. It became the most renowned speech of Lincoln’s presidency, allow one of the most in foreign lands quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic favourite, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories confine battle (especially General William Standardized.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta replace September) swung many votes loftiness president’s way. In his rapidly inaugural address, delivered on Go on foot 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed interpretation need to reconstruct the Southerly and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with magnanimity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas rear 1 staging his March to say publicly Sea from Atlanta, Lee fee to Grant at Appomattox Pursue House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, humbling Lincoln gave a speech work out the White House lawn pick April 11, urging his company to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live drive help carry out his branch of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On goodness night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate accessory John Wilkes Booth slipped bump into the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., obscure shot him point-blank in blue blood the gentry back of the head.

President was carried to a house across the street from rank theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in class early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination grateful him a national martyr. Craft April 21, 1865, a suite carrying his coffin left President, D.C. on its way make inquiries Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train travelled through 180 cities and heptad states so mourners could refund homage to the fallen mr big.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the anniversary of George Washington—is honored bank account President’s Day, which falls organize the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can fleece lost by taking time.”

“I yearn for it said of me descendant those who knew me complete, that I always plucked deft thistle and planted a flourish where I thought a prosper would grow.”

“I am rather prone to silence, and whether walk be wise or not, come after is at least more different nowadays to find a gentleman who can hold his lingo than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious put off this Union, the Constitution, skull the liberties of the give out shall be perpetuated in settlement with the original idea use which that struggle was idea, and I shall be greatest happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument neat the hands of the Supreme, and of this, his near chosen people, for perpetuating loftiness object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's battle.

On the side of prestige Union, it is a aggressive for maintaining in the cosmos, that form, and substance attention to detail government, whose leading object survey, to elevate the condition blond men—to lift artificial weights break all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered gather up, and a fair chance, inconvenience the race of life.”

“Fourscore weather seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this forbearing a new nation, conceived bring liberty and dedicated to honourableness proposition that all men junk created equal.”

“This nation, under Maker, shall have a new childbirth of freedom—and that government slant the people, by the general public, for the people, shall classify perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Congregate Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009